The application of jizya varied in the course of Islamic history. However, scholars largely agree that early Muslim rulers adapted existing systems of taxation and tribute that were established under previous rulers of the conquered lands, such as those of the Byzantine and Sasanian empires. The Quran and hadiths mention jizya without specifying its rate or amount. Dhimmis who chose to join military service were exempted from payment, as were those who could not afford to pay.

Muslim jurists required adult, free, sane males among the dhimma community to pay the jizya, while exempting women, children, elders, handicapped, the ill, the insane, monks, hermits, slaves, and musta'mins-non-Muslim foreigners who only temporarily reside in Muslim lands.

↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.Jizya or jizyah ( Arabic: جزية‎‎ ǧizya IPA: Template:Lang-ota cizye) is a per capita yearly tax historically levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects- dhimmis-permanently residing in Muslim lands under Islamic law.

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